Fragility and conflict

Polycrisis -multiple and often overlapping crises- create new vulnerabilities. They have severe effects on countries in sub-Saharan Africa with high poverty levels where weak institutions and limited public resources make it hard to respond effectively.

This brief presents the results of a Government of Japan-funded FAO project on ''Enhancing flood management in Uganda with integrated early warning systems to contribute to women, peace and security''.

This paper shares evidence from across communities in fragile and conflict-affected contexts setting out how climate change is affecting their lives, how people are taking action to adapt and cope, and the types of support they are calling for.

This report examines the interlinked dynamics of fragility, food insecurity, shocks, and migration in the Northern Central America (NCA) region, composed of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras.

This opinion piece argues that mistrust in Ebola response in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is rooted less in misinformation than in histories of conflict, neglect and unequal care, calling for locally led, trust-based public health action.

This policy brief examines the provision of water in the arid and semi-arid lands of eastern Africa, offering a different way of addressing a long-standing problem.

The lives and livelihoods of local communities in the borderlands of the Lake Chad Basin are disrupted by both climate change and conflict , which are mutually reinforcing.

Syria became one of the earliest countries to implement UNDRR's DELTA Resilience system, which will help it better understand and reduce the disaster risks it faces as it recovers from years of war.

This report examines the current state of disaster risk management (DRM) efforts in Myanmar through October 2025, exploring the compounded risks arising from the intersection of hazards, conflict, and poverty.

Millions of Afghans forced back across the border are returning to a country where conflict, climate and hardship make rebuilding fragile from the start.

In Vanuatu, security can no longer be defined solely through traditional notions of defence and law enforcement. The country’s long-term stability increasingly depends on its capacity to adapt to climate change.

In Africa’s Sahel region, where communities are affected by both insecurity and environmental degradation, climate-induced displacement is increasing exposure to explosive hazards. At the same time, flooding and shifting landscapes can move or expose UXO.

This study introduces a novel, diagnostic hazard-specific displacement risk index that integrates high-resolution hazard data with social vulnerability metrics and historical displacement records.

This report outlines how climate change, conflict and fragility converge in the same regions, driving displacement and heightening disaster risk in countries least able to manage shocks.

This report shows how climate shocks intensify fragility in the Sahel and Horn of Africa, and argues that locally led adaptation, stronger governance, and regional cooperation are essential to reduce risks and build long‑term stability.

Pacific Island countries have received scarce attention in research on climate change and conflict. This is surprising given the Pacific Island countries’ high climate vulnerability and increasing geopolitical relevance.

Researchers from Mozambique, South Africa, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, the United States, and the United Kingdom collaborated to assess the extent to which human-induced climate change altered the likelihood and intensity of a heavy rainfall event.

This report explores the perspectives of agro-pastoralist men and women in Toch East and Pathuon West Payams in South Sudan on how flooding and conflict impact their lives and livelihoods.

This publication brings together practical, country-led experiences that illustrate how climate action can also contribute to peace and stability in fragile and conflict-affected settings.

This factsheet summarizes the role of Building Regulations for Resilience (BRR) in Fragile, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) contexts, where climate and disaster risks intensify existing socioeconomic vulnerabilities.

This report presents research conducted to understand how certain livelihoods are impacted by climate hazards in Burkina Faso.

This paper examinies links between climate change, conflict, and social sustainability, with a focus on inclusion, resilience, cohesion, and legitimacy.

Projections highlight the feedback loop between lower growth and increased conflict risk in Africa under climate change.

This factsheet outlines the critical role of resilient housing reconstruction in disaster risk management within Fragile, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) contexts.

This article highlights Mali's decisive, coordinated action to tackle increasingly destructive floods by uniting national institutions and humanitarian partners around a shared, forward-looking approach that blends DRR and anticipatory action.

This article highlights the collaboration between UNDRR-GSC and the CCCM/Shelter/NFI sector in North-East Nigeria in 2025 to integrate DRR into humanitarian shelter, settlement and NFI programming.

Adaptation finance - money to help lower-income countries prepare for and live with climate change impacts - has lagged for years, with just $26 billion provided in 2023 (when hundreds of billions are needed annually).

This report examines the climate–security nexus through the lens of Germany’s experience, offering insights that are increasingly relevant to global responses.

Rooted in local realities and community voices, this report highlights how conflict and climate interact and identifies practical entry points for recovery and resilience in Syria’s agri-food sector.

Record breaking flooding and typhoons in Vietnam and the Philippines underlines a vital truth for Australia's strategic community - that civil-emergency preparedness and national resilience are essential components of defence posture.

This report shows that an evidence-based, whole-of-society approach that allows all to participate and leaves no one behind is both possible and essential.

This report synthesizes findings guided by two core questions: Why invest in adolescent girls' well-being and resilience in fragile pastoral areas of East and West Africa? And what works to support their well-being and resilience in these contexts?

This factsheet underscores the importance of social inclusion in Disaster Risk Management (DRM) across Fragile, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) contexts, where the World Bank projects that up to two-thirds of the global extreme poor may live by 2030.

Climate change is reshaping weather patterns around the world. Aside from disturbing ecosystems, these environmental shifts risk triggering psychological reactions in people that can escalate into violent conflict.

This brief uses ‘anticipatory action’ broadly to refer to actions taken in advance of an anticipated shock or crisis, however they are financed and whether they are implemented by humanitarian or other actors.

This brief considers what it means for early warning systems (EWS) to be ‘people-centred’ and highlights how essential it is that an EWS is designed and operated as part of a wider disaster risk reduction strategy.

This report explores the complex links between climate change, livelihood, vulnerability, migration and human trafficking, focusing on Ethiopia and the Philippines.

This brief suggests how to think differently about disaster risk reduction (DRR) in conflicts, rather than how to implement it, and draws on evidence that it is necessary and possible even in conflicts and recurring crises.

This study develops a decision framework to inform on long-term climate responses in contexts affected by conflict and forced displacement, building onWorld Bank policy reports and the author's professional experience.

Extreme weather and the green transition are reshaping global conflict. The authors summarise the evidence on this trend and explore how policy can respond in this article.

This policy brief synthesises evidence on interventions to support the financial and psychosocial wellbeing of adolescent girls in vulnerable pastoral areas, highlighting gaps to inform future programmes and policies.

Solutions include food aid, farm recovery, climate-smart practices, fair pricing, rural finance, and resilient infrastructure.

Internally displaced persons (IDPs) have specific vulnerabilities due to displacement; they are likely to have used up whatever money and other assets they had, leaving them unable to make the same adaptations as those who have not been displaced.