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The landslide originated from a 3.13 km² glacier in Nepal, with its downstream section running along a 22 km stretch of the border with China and an elevation difference of approximately 3.5 km up to the Gyirong border crossing. The detached ice mass measured approximately 980 m wide and 780 m long, covering an area of 0.76 km² with an estimated volume of over 70 million m³.
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Seismological stations recorded a magnitude 5.2 earthquake caused by the glacial landslide and its chain reaction. The event began at 10:52 a.m. on August 26, and debris reached the Gyirong border crossing just 7 minutes later, at 10:59 a.m., indicating a speed of nearly 190 km/h. The research team described the disaster as having the following characteristics: originating at high altitude, amplifying at low altitude, spreading in a chain reaction, and causing immediate devastation.
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The research team believes the disaster was caused by the widening of ice fissures and the increased rate of meltwater runoff into the interior and bottom of the glaciers, due to global warming. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is warming at about twice the global average rate, and in extremely high-altitude areas, this rate is up to three times the global average.
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The research team recommends prioritizing monitoring of glacier collapse and building databases; conducting surveys of key indicators of glacier collapse risk, as well as mechanisms for development and cascade impact propagation; and strengthening scientific assessment capacity and regional coordination to improve the accuracy of risk assessment and emergency response capabilities.
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