Global public health situation analysis El Niño 2026: Implications for public health and early action

This situation analysis by the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Emergencies Programme assesses the global public health risks associated with the forecasted strong El Niño event in 2026. The document provides a global and regional breakdown of anticipated climate anomalies, related health threats, and identifies vulnerable populations. 

Key findings indicate El Niño is expected to cause above-normal heat, drought, and extreme rain in many regions, intensifying risks such as malnutrition, cholera and waterborne diseases, heat stress, respiratory illnesses, mental health conditions, gender-based violence, vector-borne diseases (dengue, malaria), vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks, and reduced access to healthcare, especially for the most vulnerable populations. The report recommends:

• Anticipate: strengthen surveillance, update and align contingency plans, enhance risk communication, and confirm supply preparedness;
• Mitigate: implement rapid operational readiness, prioritize essential health services, and monitor risks to high-exposure groups;
• Respond: activate emergency health operations, maintain essential services, conduct disease surveillance, and coordinate with partners — emphasizing early action to save lives, reduce costs, and build resilience.