Aligning nature-based solutions and housing policy: a study on stakeholders' perceptions of nature within informal settlement upgrading projects

This study examines how nature-based solutions (NbS) are perceived by different stakeholders involved in informal settlement upgrading in Bangkok, Thailand, specifically through the Baan Mankong (BMK) housing program. It aims to explore the potential of integrating NbS—like green roofs, gardens, and wetlands—into housing policies to enhance urban resilience to climate risks. The research combines surveys with governmental officials, NGOs, researchers, and community leaders, along with interviews with residents, to identify perceived benefits, barriers, and responsibilities regarding NbS implementation.

The study reveals a significant disconnect between stakeholder expectations and residents’ experiences. While most stakeholders recognize NbS benefits like shade and recreation, residents prioritize practical, cultural, and economic uses—such as food production and spiritual practices. Common barriers include limited funding, lack of technical knowledge, and constrained space. Residents are often the primary implementers of NbS, yet face challenges due to insufficient support and policy alignment. The study underscores the need for community-driven, context-sensitive approaches that reflect local values and realities, advocating for greater inclusion of residents in planning processes to make NbS more effective and sustainable.