Marine-related

A period of extreme warm near-sea surface temperature (SST) that persists for days to months and can extend up to thousands of kilometres (IPCC, 2019).

Ice flow is the motion of ice driven by gravitational forces, ice stress or, for sea ice, wind, water currents and tide (AMS, 2012). 

Seiches are sea-level oscillations at the resonant frequency of enclosed bodies of water (WMO, 2011).

A storm surge reflects the difference between the actual water level under the influence of a meteorological disturbance (storm tide) and the level which would have occurred in the absence of the meteorological disturbance (i.e., astronomical tide) (WMO, 2008, 2011, 2017). 

A storm tide is the actual sea level as influenced by a weather disturbance. The storm tide consists of the normal astronomical tide plus the storm surge (WMO, 2017). 

Tsunami, a Japanese term meaning 'wave' (‘nami’) in a harbour (‘tsu’), refers to a series of long-period travelling waves, typically caused by disturbances such as earthquakes occurring beneath or near the ocean floor (IOC, 2019). 

Rogue waves are extreme waves with overall or crest heights that are abnormally high relative to the background significant wave height (WMO, 2018).

Sea ice is any form of ice found at sea (WMO, 2015).