Early detection, stronger protection: CLIMOS’ early warning systems and the fight against Sand Fly-Borne Diseases (SFBD)
The CLIMOS project, aims to reduce the impact of climate change on the spread of vector-borne and zoonotic diseases, using Eco-health and One Health approaches.
The project focuses on understanding how climate and environmental factors affect sand fly presence and density to assist fight against sand fly-borne diseases (SFBD), including leishmaniasis and phlebovirus infections across Europe. By developing an Early Warning System (EWS) and decision support tools, CLIMOS will help improve climate and health predictions, infection risk forecasts, and adaptation strategies. The project will include a socio-economic analysis to guide decision-making.
CLIMOS data results links climate change to shifts in sand fly distribution, escalating leishmaniasis concerns
When we think of arthropods carrying infectious diseases, mosquitoes and ticks often come to mind. However, there's a third vector that's relatively unfamiliar but equally relevant: sand flies.
Sand flies are tiny, hairy-winged insects that belong to the Phlebotominae subfamily. They can be found in warm and tropical climates worldwide. However, the impact of climate change is dramatically altering their geographical landscape reaching into new regions of Europe. Often active during twilight hours, female sand flies feed on blood predominantly from mammals, facilitating the transmission of viruses and parasites. These pathogens cause diseases including summer meningitis and leishmaniasis that can affect both humans and animals.
Leishmaniasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. However, there is an estimated 700,000 to 1 million new cases annually. Leishmaniasis can lead to severe health issues and, in some cases fatality if not treated. CLIMOS's mission is to raise awareness of the sand fly, the diseases they transmit, and how to prevent their spread.
The results on sand fly collection
Sand fly specimens collection throughout 2023 season, has been completed for most countries, with pathogen detection efforts now underway. These findings will be integrated into the Early Warning System (EWS) dataset. By correlating sand fly presence and density with variables like temperature, humidity, or altitude, we aim to enhance our predictive models. The ultimate goal of CLIMOS is to deliver a comprehensive platform for public health management and to develop prevention and adaptation strategies for sand fly-borne diseases.