Lebanon’s 4th National Communication on Climate Change

This report presents Lebanon’s Fourth National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), prepared by the Ministry of Environment with support from United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility in 2022. It updates Lebanon’s greenhouse gas inventory, reviews institutional arrangements for monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV), assesses climate risks, vulnerabilities and adaptation priorities, examines mitigation measures, updates technology needs assessments, and identifies financial, technical and capacity-building needs. The report includes a greenhouse gas inventory for 1994-2019, climate risk and vulnerability assessments based on recent scientific evidence and climate projections, and sectoral analyses covering energy, transport, agriculture, water, health, forestry and waste.

The report finds that Lebanon emitted 30,089 Gg CO₂ equivalent in 2019, with the energy sector contributing 80% of emissions. It identifies increasing temperatures, declining precipitation, higher drought risk, more intense heatwaves and growing risks to agriculture, water resources, health and infrastructure. The report recommends strengthening climate governance, improving monitoring and reporting systems, accelerating renewable energy and energy efficiency, expanding wastewater treatment, investing in adaptation measures, enhancing climate finance, and addressing technical and capacity gaps needed to implement climate action.