How extreme rainfall and failing dams unleashed the Derna flood disaster

This study investigates the 2023 flood disaster in Derna, Libya, caused by extreme rainfall from Storm Daniel and the failure of two key dams. It uses advanced modeling—hydrologic, hydraulic, and geotechnical—along with satellite data and eyewitness reports to reconstruct the event.

The analysis showed that even intact, the dams would not have prevented major flooding. However, their failure massively amplified destruction, killing thousands. Poor maintenance, lack of preparedness, and climate-driven extremes highlight the urgent need for resilient infrastructure and early warning systems.