The value of journalism: global evidence on why media matters to economies, national security and crises

The chapter 4 "National security and stability" examines harmful information as a threat to national security, political stability and social cohesion. It highlights how disinformation can undermine elections, weaken trust in institutions, fuel polarization and, in conflict settings, contribute to violence and humanitarian risk. The chapter presents journalism as part of a wider response to harmful information, helping citizens access reliable information and assess the credibility of claims.

The key takeaway is that independent journalism can help prevent, expose and reduce the spread of harmful information. Trusted news outlets provide an anchor point during uncertainty, while fact-checking, pre-bunking, investigations and community-focused reporting can counter falsehoods and reveal the actors behind disinformation campaigns. The chapter argues that supporting free, pluralistic and trusted media strengthens information resilience and helps protect communities from the destabilizing effects of disinformation.