Social protection challenges: The exposure of Social Assistance Reference Centers to flood and landslide risks

This study analyzes the exposure of Brazil’s Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS), the main entry points to the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), to flood and landslide risks. The authors developed a methodology that integrates the CRAS Development Index (IDCRAS) with the Statistical Territorial Base of Risk Areas (BATER) to assess the location and conditions of CRAS facilities in relation to disaster-prone areas. The analysis examined 2,277 CRAS units in 806 Brazilian municipalities and included a pilot application in the Paraíba do Sul River Basin, a region historically affected by disasters.

The results showed that 12% of the CRAS units analysed were located within BATER areas and a further 6% were within 50 metres of risk area boundaries. The qualitative analysis revealed that many exposed facilities have structural deficiencies, including inadequate numbers of rooms or limited capacity, despite relatively strong human resources and service provision. The authors conclude that integrating IDCRAS and BATER can support SUAS preparedness and strengthen disaster risk management. They recommend using risk mapping, contingency planning, staff training and improved infrastructure to enhance social protection in emergencies.