Assessing nature-based flood mitigation measures at the general area of the confluence of rivers Benue and Niger in Kogi state, Nigeria

This study presents an assessment of nature‑based solutions (NBS) for reducing flood risk in the confluence area of the Rivers Benue and Niger in Kogi State, Nigeria, a region that experiences recurrent and damaging inundation. Using GIS, remote sensing, hydrological modelling and multi‑year datasets (2012–2023), the authors analyse flood extent, drivers and spatial patterns, identifying 2018 as the peak flood year. The publication highlights how rainfall variability, land‑use change and inadequate drainage systems exacerbate exposure, and it evaluates where NBS—such as wetland restoration, afforestation and sustainable drainage—could be most effectively implemented. 

The study recommends combining NBS with conventional flood management to enhance adaptive capacity, reduce future losses and support sustainable land‑use planning. It emphasises the need for improved drainage infrastructure, restoration of natural floodplains, and the adoption of community‑centred approaches that align with local environmental conditions. Strengthening data collection, expanding hydrological monitoring and integrating NBS into national and state‑level disaster risk reduction strategies are presented as essential steps for reducing vulnerability in Kogi State and similar flood‑prone regions.