Why you might get bumped from a flight during a heat wave
At airports with shorter runways, like Rome's Ciampino airport, jets may need to reduce weight more often in summer.
Hot air makes it harder for engines to get a plane airborne – a problem that is set to get more common as the climate warms.
Transcript:
As the climate warms, some airplanes may need to carry fewer passengers or less cargo.
When an airplane roars down the runway, its engines suck in air to propel the plane forward until it's moving fast enough to take off.
But on hot days, air is less dense, and it's harder for the engines to do their job.
So planes need a longer runway to gather enough speed - or to carry less weight to speed up faster.
Williams: "On extreme hot days, even today and in the recent past, this type of weight restriction has been applied. But we are forecasting that this will get significantly more frequent, more common in the future."
Jonny Williams, a researcher at the University of Reading, studied how global warming will affect the Airbus A320 jet at 30 European airports in coming decades.
He found that many airports have long enough runways for the planes to take off on hot days.
But at airports with shorter runways, like Rome's Ciampino airport, the jets may need to reduce weight more often in summer.
Williams: "As a society, we are very heavily reliant on the aviation industry, from everything from our holidays to carrying freight to, you know, putting out wildfires … so it's really important to engage with this now."