Drought’s inequalities: towards inclusive climate adaptation in Zambia

The study highlights urgent needs regarding Zambia's 2024 drought: integrating informal settlements into city planning; investing in climate-resilient water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure; strengthening community governance and tenure security; and embedding gender-responsive approaches across all drought resilience strategies.

Zambia's 2024 drought, its worst in four decades, devastated rapidly urbanising, migrant-hosting informal settlements like Mazyopa in the capital Lusaka, where structural vulnerabilities in water access, livelihoods and tenure security compounded the crisis. A mixed-methods study found that 82% of households experienced days without any usable water, while food insecurity, gender-based violence and economic precarity intensified. Despite national adaptation frameworks, informal settlements remain largely absent from formal resilience planning.