What it means to be resilient to heatwaves for vulnerable households in mass tourist destinations?

This study investigates how vulnerable households in Lloret de Mar, a mass tourist destination on Spain’s Mediterranean coast, experience and cope with heatwaves. Despite rising temperatures and the increasing frequency of extreme heat events, local policies remain heavily focused on tourism, often overlooking the needs of low-income residents. The research uses mixed methods, including semi-structured interviews and participatory mapping with 28 households supported by Caritas, to explore thermal discomfort, coping strategies, and perceptions of heat. The study aims to reveal the hidden struggles of economically precarious populations often excluded from mainstream climate adaptation discussions.

Findings show that these households face multiple barriers to adapting to heatwaves, such as poor housing conditions, energy and water poverty, and limited mobility. Many rely on basic measures like fans and cold showers, while others cannot afford air conditioning. Participatory mapping revealed both indoor and outdoor spaces lacking thermal comfort, especially in areas tied to daily routines and work. Some participants expressed psychological distress and physical discomfort. Despite municipal efforts to promote sustainable tourism, the study finds a gap in inclusive climate adaptation. It calls for localized, community-based responses—like cooling commons and green infrastructure—that directly address the lived experiences of vulnerable populations.