A scoping review on heat indices used to measure the effects of heat on maternal and perinatal health

The objective of this study is to provide a scoping review on heat stress and indices for those interested in the epidemiology and working in extreme heat and maternal perinatal health. A previous systematic review has shown associations between exposure to high temperatures and negative birth outcomes. To date, a scoping review for heat indices and their use to measure effects of heat on maternal and perinatal health has not been considered.

The study found four heat indices: heat index, apparent temperature, wet bulb globe temperature and universal thermal climate index. Exposure to elevated levels of heat stress can be associated with preterm birth. In addition, the more intense and prolonged duration of exposure to heat stress, the greater the risk of stillbirth. Negative birth outcomes can occur from change in hormonal levels (ie, cortisol), dehydration and blood flow diversion away from the placenta and fetus when suffering from heat stress. All studies demonstrate that certain socioeconomic factors influence the effect of heat on maternal and perinatal health outcomes.