Triggering factors and flooding processes of glacial lake outburst flood at Ranzerio lake

This study addresses the knowledge gaps by integrating multi-source satellite remote sensing, high-resolution terrain data, and physically based hydrodynamic modeling to investigate the 2013 Ranzerio GLOF. The frequency and intensity of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are increasing with rapid glacier retreat under a warming climate, yet the processes linking triggers and downstream responses remain poorly understood.

The results reveal the multistage process chain of the outburst and highlight the importance of monitoring lake evolution, glacier movement, terrain change, and meteorological conditions for early warning and risk management in glacierized mountain regions.