A systematic review of nature-positive climate risk transfer and financing instruments

This study examines nature-positive climate risk transfer and financing instruments that support disaster risk reduction through nature-based solutions, addressing critical gaps in climate and nature finance . Based on a systematic review of over 3,000 publications and 78 databases, it identifies 33 financial instruments and analyses 313 projects across ecosystems and regions.

The study finds significant evidence gaps in the evaluation of nature-based solutions, including limited quantification of risk reduction benefits, weak reporting on social and ecological outcomes, and insufficient consideration of equity. It recommends improving monitoring and evaluation frameworks, integrating equity and uncertainty into risk modelling, and expanding the use of blended and innovative finance instruments.