State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2025

The State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2025 report documents how the region had its second warmest year on record (behind 2024), with extreme weather causing widespread disruption, economic damage, and loss of life. The deadliest single event was Cyclone Senyar, the first known system to reach tropical cyclone intensity in the Strait of Malacca, which impacted more than 10 million people in Indonesia and Malaysia and killed more than 1 200.

In 2025, the remaining tropical ice cover in Papua, Indonesia, was estimated to be only about 2% of the ice area observed in 1988. The last remaining tropical glacier of the region is expected to disappear by the end of 2026 or early 2027, according to the report. The State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2025 report includes contributions from National Meteorological and Hydrological Services, climate and ocean experts and United Nations and other international partners. It is one of a series of regional reports by WMO to provide scientific support for climate-smart decision-making and disaster risk reduction.