Enhancing community resilience through the uptake of innovative solutions: the C2IMPRESS approach

This study bridges the existing gaps in quantifying risk and enhancing community defences by applying a cohesive five-pillar risk and resilience framework developed within the C2IMPRESS project. The authors assessed the anticipated impacts of various C2IMPRESS tools on community resilience across four European case study areas (CSAs): Egaleo (Greece), Mallorca (Spain), Ordu (Turkey), and the Centro Region (Portugal). Methodologically, a targeted survey asked CSA representatives to estimate the expected changes across 42 resilience indicators—encompassing social, institutional, economic, infrastructural, and environmental dimensions—following tool implementation. A public–private-civil partnership (PPCP) framework was also assessed across all sites to enable a comparative analysis.

The results indicate that individual vulnerability and emergency preparedness are the most responsive dimensions, exhibiting significant projected improvements alongside institutional capacities and community trust. Conversely, the community economy emerged as the least flexible dimension, exhibiting minimal anticipated change. In conclusion, the C2IMPRESS framework effectively bridges disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation by integrating local knowledge into actionable interventions. However, while social and institutional resilience can be actively enhanced, improving economic resilience requires long-term structural adjustments beyond the scope of these localised tools.