Disaster preparedness paradox: Evidence of lower public readiness for extreme rainfall compared to super tropical cyclones in Hong Kong

This study investigates a pivotal yet understudied question: whether the public prepares differently for large-scale, forecasted super tropical cyclones versus sudden-onset, hyper-localized extreme rainfall. Although extreme rainfall was perceived as posing higher personal risk, public readiness for it was consistently lower than for the forecasted, large‑scale typhoon. Drawing on a survey of 502 residents, the study examines differences in risk perception, hazard knowledge, information‑seeking behaviour, and sociodemographic influences, showing that preparedness drivers vary by hazard type. 

The study highlights several lessons for strengthening resilience. Tailored communication strategies are essential, as traditional information channels were the strongest predictors of preparedness across both hazards. Authorities should prioritise rapid, localised alerts for extreme rainfall, while leveraging longer lead times for typhoons to mobilise communities. Preparedness campaigns must also target groups shown to be less ready — particularly high‑income and long‑term local residents — while engaging non‑local‑born and lower‑income groups who demonstrated higher adaptive behaviour. The findings call for a shift from one‑size‑fits‑all messaging to hazard‑specific, demographically attuned approaches capable of closing preparedness gaps in an era of escalating climate volatility.