Climate-proofing agriculture: Economic feasibility of adaptation strategies for agro-pastoral farmers in Tanzania

This case study explores the cost-effectiveness of various climate adaptation strategies adopted by agro-pastoralists in the semi-arid regions of northern and central Tanzania. Using primary data from 411 households, the study applied cost-benefit analysis (CBA) tools including net present value (NPV), benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and internal rate of return (IRR) to assess planned adaptation versus business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios. In Tanzania, agro-pastoral practices have evolved as a response to climate variability.

Results of the study highlight that crop diversification, drought-tolerant crops, micro-catchment rainwater harvesting (MCRWH), drip irrigation, and livestock diversification are economically viable strategies under changing climatic conditions.