Applying resilience framework to create a drought-resistant community
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Droughts are recurrent events that affect large areas around the world each year, according to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction's 2021 Special Report on Drought. It is associated with water scarcity, changes in atmospheric conditions like El Niño and shortfall of precipitation. The way humans influence the changing climate gives rise to the relationship between drought and human activities. Such a relationship indicates how socioeconomic and ecological impacts will manifest.
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The Philippines Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (Pagasa) defines drought as "three consecutive months of way below normal rainfall (60-percent reduction from average) or five consecutive months of below-normal rainfall condition (21- to 60-percent reduction from average)." Dry spell means "three consecutive months of below-normal rainfall or two months of consecutive way below normal rainfall" while dry condition means "having two consecutive months of below-normal rainfall."
According to Pagasa, the average annual mean temperature in the country has increased by 0.65 C since 1951, rising at an average rate of 0.12 C per decade. It is projected to increase from 1.7 to 3.0 C by 2050. Higher temperatures are expected for all regions of the country by 2050, the rates doubling compared to 2020 levels. Warming will be worse in Mindanao.
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Measures may include promoting policies and directives for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation and mitigation are integrated in the local development plans (regional, provincial, city and municipality), as mandated by the Republic Act (RA) 9729, otherwise known as "Climate Change Act of 2009"; and the full implementation of RA 6716, also known as the "Rainwater Collector and Springs Development Act of 1989," that requires the construction of rainwater harvesting system in every barangay (village) to prevent flooding and ensure the continuous provision of clean water during dry season. Ecological resilience includes biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of the overall strategy to help people adapt to the changing climate and manage disaster risks.
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