Toward a framework for systemic multi-hazard and multi-risk assessment and management

The paper focuses on the complexity of dealing with these interconnected risks and proposes a more holistic, integrative framework for better assessment and management. The authors contribute to systemic risk research by developing a six-step framework designed to analyze and manage risk across a spectrum-from single risks to multi- and systemic risks-in real-world applications.

The framework presented herein can be applied by different types of stakeholders operating across different scales of disaster risk landscapes (e.g., from local to global levels), owing to its explicit consideration of system perspective and a strong emphasis on stakeholder engagement. For instance, it can be a useful tool for government departments dealing with disaster risk to analyze multi-risks at different spatial scales (e.g., city, regional, or national scale) in a given country and guide their decision-making on risk management options.