A literature review on the topics in the context of thematic area 2 of the work programme on loss and damage: a range of approaches to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change

This literature review presents information on a range of approaches to address loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change which are employed today in Africa, Latin America, Asia, and small island developing States. The review focuses on the types of approach and their levels of application, in particular examining the resource requirements and cost-effectiveness of the alternative approaches. The review includes a chart demonstrating a tabular summary of national approaches to address loss and damage in each of the four regions. The chart organizes the activities listed into four types: risk reduction approaches, risk retention approaches, risk transfer approaches, and approaches to address incremental change.