Towards multi-hazard and multi-risk indicators – a review and recommendations for development and implementation

In this study the authors systematically reviewed existing multi-hazard and multi-risk indicators and present recommendations for their future development and use. To understand how indicators are being used in this context, using a systematic review,the authors identified 192 publications that mention indicators within either multi-hazard or multi-risk contexts, including hazards, vulnerability, and risk/impact.

While there is broad use of indicators for risk assessment and management, and for identifying interactions between hazards and warning thresholds, this study finds that there are few studies that explicitly develop indicators for either multi-hazard or multi-risk contexts, highlighting a notable gap in the literature.