Toward smart cities: Analysis of critical factors of new disaster risks in smart cities using a fuzzy DANP-ISM method

This study outlines an assessment of emerging disaster risks associated with the rapid transition from traditional urban systems to smart cities, focusing on China while drawing on international research. It examines why new risks arise from technological integration, how these risks interact across human, technological, infrastructural, informational, internet‑based and institutional domains, and applies a fuzzy DANP‑ISM method to identify and prioritise the most influential factors.

The study recommends strengthening collaborative emergency management systems, improving the security and resilience of both physical and information infrastructures, and developing analytical tools capable of capturing dynamic, interdependent risk patterns. It highlights the need for clearer legal and regulatory frameworks, enhanced public awareness and participation, and the responsible governance of rapidly evolving technologies. The authors conclude that smart cities must integrate risk‑informed planning and technological safeguards to reduce disaster risks, noting that factors such as cyber‑attacks, information leakage and technology ethics require urgent attention in future urban resilience strategies.