The simulation-based analysis focusing on street obstruction of evacuee mobility to mitigate disaster risk: Chiang Mai historic city

This study presents a simulation-based assessment of how street obstructions, particularly parked vehicles and building debris, affect evacuation efficiency and disaster risk in the historic city of Chiang Mai. It analyses multiple obstruction scenarios using GIS and agent‑based modelling to identify vulnerable streets, congestion hotspots, and the evacuation capacity of religious sites repurposed as shelters. By examining where, why, and how delays occur, the research provides evidence on the critical influence of temporary and structural blockages on evacuee mobility and highlights the role of heritage spaces in strengthening urban resilience.

The findings recommend targeted measures such as stricter vehicle‑parking control, reinforcement of vulnerable buildings, and improved management of temple entrances to reduce congestion during emergencies. The study suggests integrating religious sites into official evacuation planning, enhancing their capacity, and involving communities in preparedness activities. It concludes that heritage‑led approaches, combined with spatial risk mapping and simulation, can support more effective disaster risk reduction in historic urban environments.