Data for adaptation at different spatial and temporal scales

This paper provides an overview of the categories of data required for effective adaptation, the current forms of data provision at different scales, existing gaps, and challenges and opportunities for improving the provision and use of such data. These stages necessitate diverse data, including observational, projected, and historical data on both climate and socioeconomic processes. National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) play a central role in providing climate data, while socioeconomic data is sourced from various uncoordinated outlets.

The publication finds that: 

• Opportunities for enhancing data provision include leveraging big data through innovative solutions like machine learning, ensuring open access to existing data, and closing remaining gaps through long-term funding for observational systems. 
• Capacity development for data providers and users, especially in vulnerable regions, is crucial. 
• Encouraging data use requires addressing uncertainty through tools such as risk management, participatory approaches, and robust decision-making.