Building codes are not enough: Lessons from Venezuela’s earthquake

[...]

• Simply improving building codes will not achieve effective outcomes without robust enforcement and adherence to retrofitting regulations. In India, this significant area requires attention and enhancement. Currently, there exists a noticeable gap between the regulations outlined in building codes and their practical implementation in construction and maintenance practices.
• When it comes to capacity building, India has made commendable strides, particularly following the establishment of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and the State Disaster Response Force (SDRF). India’s two-tier institutional response — the NDRF and SDRF — is a genuine post-2005 success story. The NDRF has grown from 8 battalions at founding to 16 today, roughly 1,149 personnel each, organised into 18 self-contained search-and-rescue teams per battalion complete with structural engineers, canine units, and paramedics, positioned across 15 states and union territories. These organisations have played critical roles in disaster preparedness and response. However, it is essential to recognize the urgent need for a third layer of auxiliary disaster management forces. These teams should be based within communities and actively engage with residents at all times, especially in high-risk areas. Their primary responsibility would be to initiate immediate response efforts in the aftermath of a hazard, providing support and resources prior to the arrival of the more specialized national and state response teams. Can we also think of expanding the role of Aapda Mitra, a volunteer training programme initiated by MHA at community level along with civil defense volunteers?               
• Furthermore, the logistics and procurement of necessary emergency equipment pose significant challenges. Items such as cranes, excavators, and medical supplies, as well as the setup of field hospitals, require an array of permits and licenses due to regulatory frameworks. Acquiring these resources often involves negotiations and transactions with private sector entities, which can be time-consuming. Mobilizing human resources for emergency response efforts also demands careful planning and coordination. 

[...]