Positive externalities in the polycrisis: Effectively addressing disaster and climate risks for generating multiple resilience dividends

Based on a snowballing review of the limited literature on the TDR as well as an examination of empirical and model-based evidence, the present the state of the art on the TDR framework. We examine the various dividends in terms of epistemological and methodological contributions building on empirical and modeling methods for supporting decision making as well as evidence for decision making across scales from local to global.

In the context of the Polycrisis, the authors suggest that policymakers need greater focus on addressing underlying stresses that set a system up for collapse. Analysts have suggested that policymakers ought to overcome "trigger fixation," that is, a tendency to focus on most immediate shock trigger events alone. Trigger fixation has been described as the "normalcy bias" in disaster risk reduction work where it has remained difficult to motivate sustained pre-disaster investment into resilience-generating DRR and CCA policies at project level as well as aggregate scale, while post-disaster major, yet insufficient spending for rehabilitation and recovery is being done.