Including loss and damage and adaptation in Nationally Determined Contributions and Biennial Transparency Reports: a guide to leveraging UNFCCC flexibilities for LDCs and SIDS

This guide helps national focal points and technical experts, particularly from least developed countries and Small Island Developing States, communicate their priorities on adaptation and loss and damage through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs), drawing on their special circumstances under the Paris Agreement and the Enhanced Transparency Framework.

A core requirement of the Paris Agreement is for countries to communicate their national priorities through NDCs and BTRs. Equipped with a clear understanding of the flexibilities available to them, government officials and practitioners can make strategic decisions about how to use these processes to reflect their country’s needs. This user-friendly guide sets out practical suggestions for including loss and damage and adaptation, showcasing examples from NDCs and BTRs already submitted, and signposts further resources for those seeking more detailed guidance.