Basin-scale inventory and exposure assessment of hanging glaciers, Central Himalaya

The report identifies 219 hanging glaciers covering 71.7 km², with an estimated ice volume of 2.39 km³, and introduces a classification framework based on morphology and slope characteristics. Avalanche modelling highlights significant downstream risks, with potential flow heights exceeding 50 m in key settlements such as Badrinath. Exposure is projected to rise sharply, with built-up areas and population in hazard zones increasing substantially by 2030.

Combining geospatial analysis, modelling, and exposure assessment, the study provides critical evidence for risk-informed planning, targeted monitoring, and improved disaster preparedness in high mountain regions. It is particularly relevant for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working on glacier hazards and climate-related disaster risk reduction.