GAR 2015 Main Report

171

coordination between the national and local governments, international organizations and non-governmental actors, and in particular with affected households, businesses and communities ( GAR 13 paper

IRP, 2014

IRP (International Recovery Platform). 2014,Thematic Summary Report, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR..
Click here to view this GAR paper.

). As in the case of early warning, there has been a major technological transformation in how data is collected since the adoption of the HFA. Social media now allows vast amounts of data to be sourced and broadcast and information to be collected by and shared across global communities (Gundecha and Liu, 2012

Gundecha, Pritam and Huan Liu. 2012,Mining Social Media: A Brief Introduction, INFORMS Tutorials in Operation Research.. .

). Surveys conducted in Japan in 2011 showed that large parts of the population relied on social media for disaster-related information (Peary et al., 2012

Peary, Brett, Rajib Shaw and Yukiko Takeuchi. 2012,Utilization of Social Media in the East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and its Effectiveness, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University.. .

). Earthquake intensity information in Japan is created in near real time by crowdsourcing information online ( GAR 13 paper

IRP, 2014

A number of countries have recognized the potential of such accelerated information-sharing mechanisms and have developed relevant legal and regulatory frameworks and policies ( GAR 13 paper

IRP, 2014

). For example, following the Christchurch earthquake in 2011, the Government of New Zealand developed the Open Access and Licensing Framework to address the barriers experienced by utilities providers due to issues of confidentiality in relation to property information ( GAR 13 paper

Ferreira et al., 2013

Ferreira Pedroso, Federico, Joel Teo, Erica Seville, Sonya Giovanazzi and John Vargo. 2013,Post-Disaster Challenges and Opportunities: Lessons from the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake and Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, Input Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR..
Click here to view this GAR paper.

). In Brazil, efforts to enable information sharing between civil defence authorities, municipal governments and local actors have been reflected in the new National Civil

Protection and Defense Policy and by a dedicated complementary state law passed in 2013 ( GAR 13 paper

Otoni de Araujo et al., 2013

Otoni de Araújo, Raquel, Teresa Da Silva Rosa, Maria da Penha Smarzaro Siqueira, Márcio Reis, Camila Réboli and Arthur Aguilar. 2013,Communicability between the National, State and Municipal Governments in the Integration of the Principles of the Hyogo Framework for Action to Reduce Risks and Disasters, Input Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR..
Click here to view this GAR paper.

Building back better or business as usual?

Real progress has been made in ensuring that disaster risk reduction is factored into needs assessments and recovery frameworks. An assessment of twenty needs assessments conducted in sixteen countries between 2004 and 2011 found that roughly half recommended and promoted the integration of risk reduction into recovery. These principles included addressing both structural and non-structural measures, enhancing preparedness and integrating risk management into all sectors and levels of governance. Almost all recent needs assessments provide recommendations for the integration of disaster risk reduction into sector-specific recovery strategies (Box 8.11), in particular ensuring that damaged social and physical infrastructure such as schools, health facilities, houses and transportation networks are rebuilt to improved and reinforced standards ( GAR 13 paper

GFDRR, 2014c

GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2014c,Resilient Recovery: An Imperative for Resilient Development, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR..
Click here to view this GAR paper.

However, the incorporation of slogans such as build back better into needs assessments and recovery is rarely actionable unless fully factored into operational recovery plans and budgets and ultimately into a more comprehensive approach to disaster risk management. One common approach following major disasters is to

(Source: GFDRR et al., 2014

GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery), EU (European Union) and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2014,Guide to developing disaster recovery frameworks, World Reconstruction Conference Version. September 2014. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.. .

Box 8.10 Examples of building back better in Queensland, Australia

The Queensland Betterment Fund aims to cover the difference in cost between restoring or replacing an essential public asset to its pre-disaster standard and restoring or replacing the asset to a more disaster-resistant standard. Key projects financed by the AU$80 million fund include design enhancements to a variety of projects involving water supply (The Gayndah Water Supply Intake), bridges (George Bell Crossing) and roads (Gayndah-Mundubbera Road, Round Hill Road, Upper Mount Bentley Road). These projects reduce risk by securing roads to communities that have been isolated in past disasters and by protecting vital telecommunications infrastructure, to name but two examples.

	171 coordination between the national and local governments, international organizations and non-governmental actors, and in particular with affected households, businesses and communities (IRP, 2014 x IRP (International Recovery Platform). 2014,Thematic Summary Report, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. Click here to view this GAR paper. ). As in the case of early warning, there has been a major technological transformation in how data is collected since the adoption of the HFA. Social media now allows vast amounts of data to be sourced and broadcast and information to be collected by and shared across global communities (Gundecha and Liu, 2012 x Gundecha, Pritam and Huan Liu. 2012,Mining Social Media: A Brief Introduction, INFORMS Tutorials in Operation Research.. . ). Surveys conducted in Japan in 2011 showed that large parts of the population relied on social media for disaster-related information (Peary et al., 2012 x Peary, Brett, Rajib Shaw and Yukiko Takeuchi. 2012,Utilization of Social Media in the East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and its Effectiveness, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University.. . ). Earthquake intensity information in Japan is created in near real time by crowdsourcing information online (IRP, 2014 x IRP (International Recovery Platform). 2014,Thematic Summary Report, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. Click here to view this GAR paper. ). A number of countries have recognized the potential of such accelerated information-sharing mechanisms and have developed relevant legal and regulatory frameworks and policies (IRP, 2014 x IRP (International Recovery Platform). 2014,Thematic Summary Report, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. Click here to view this GAR paper. ). For example, following the Christchurch earthquake in 2011, the Government of New Zealand developed the Open Access and Licensing Framework to address the barriers experienced by utilities providers due to issues of confidentiality in relation to property information (Ferreira et al., 2013 x Ferreira Pedroso, Federico, Joel Teo, Erica Seville, Sonya Giovanazzi and John Vargo. 2013,Post-Disaster Challenges and Opportunities: Lessons from the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake and Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, Input Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. Click here to view this GAR paper. ). In Brazil, efforts to enable information sharing between civil defence authorities, municipal governments and local actors have been reflected in the new National Civil Protection and Defense Policy and by a dedicated complementary state law passed in 2013 (Otoni de Araujo et al., 2013 x Otoni de Araújo, Raquel, Teresa Da Silva Rosa, Maria da Penha Smarzaro Siqueira, Márcio Reis, Camila Réboli and Arthur Aguilar. 2013,Communicability between the National, State and Municipal Governments in the Integration of the Principles of the Hyogo Framework for Action to Reduce Risks and Disasters, Input Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. Click here to view this GAR paper. ). Building back better or business as usual? Real progress has been made in ensuring that disaster risk reduction is factored into needs assessments and recovery frameworks. An assessment of twenty needs assessments conducted in sixteen countries between 2004 and 2011 found that roughly half recommended and promoted the integration of risk reduction into recovery. These principles included addressing both structural and non-structural measures, enhancing preparedness and integrating risk management into all sectors and levels of governance. Almost all recent needs assessments provide recommendations for the integration of disaster risk reduction into sector-specific recovery strategies (Box 8.11), in particular ensuring that damaged social and physical infrastructure such as schools, health facilities, houses and transportation networks are rebuilt to improved and reinforced standards (GFDRR, 2014c x GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2014c,Resilient Recovery: An Imperative for Resilient Development, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. Click here to view this GAR paper. ). However, the incorporation of slogans such as build back better into needs assessments and recovery is rarely actionable unless fully factored into operational recovery plans and budgets and ultimately into a more comprehensive approach to disaster risk management. One common approach following major disasters is to (Source: GFDRR et al., 2014 x GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery), EU (European Union) and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2014,Guide to developing disaster recovery frameworks, World Reconstruction Conference Version. September 2014. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.. . .) Box 8.10 Examples of building back better in Queensland, Australia The Queensland Betterment Fund aims to cover the difference in cost between restoring or replacing an essential public asset to its pre-disaster standard and restoring or replacing the asset to a more disaster-resistant standard. Key projects financed by the AU$80 million fund include design enhancements to a variety of projects involving water supply (The Gayndah Water Supply Intake), bridges (George Bell Crossing) and roads (Gayndah-Mundubbera Road, Round Hill Road, Upper Mount Bentley Road). These projects reduce risk by securing roads to communities that have been isolated in past disasters and by protecting vital telecommunications infrastructure, to name but two examples.	Page 1 Page 10 Page 20 Page 30 Page 40 Page 50 Page 60 Page 70 Page 80 Page 90 Page 100 Page 110 Page 120 Page 130 Page 140 Page 150 Page 160 Page 161 Page 162 Page 163 Page 164 Page 165 Page 166 Page 167 Page 168 Page 169 Page 170 Page 171 Page 172 ->Page 173 Page 174 Page 175 Page 176 Page 177 Page 178 Page 179 Page 180 Page 181 Page 182 Page 183 Page 184 Page 185 Page 190 Page 200 Page 210 Page 220 Page 230 Page 240 Page 250 Page 260 Page 270 Page 280 Page 290 Page 300 Page 310