GAR 2015 Main Report

148

Part II - Chapter 7

Given these challenges, there are relatively few contexts (Box 7.10) where decision-makers have successfully incorporated risk information into day-to-day planning, regulation and decisionmaking. Risk knowledge implies an appropriation of risk information by society in a way that facilitates risk management. From that perspective, the increased production of risk information during the HFA has not necessarily led to greater risk knowledge nor to improved risk management (Gall et al., 2014b

Gall, Melanie, Susan Cutter and Khai Nguyen. 2014b,Incentives for Disaster Risk Management, 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Section on the Future of Disaster Risk Management. Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute, University of South Carolina, May 2014.. .

). The growing supply of increasingly sophisticated and accurate risk information remains an exotic commodity which is still largely divorced from mainstream social, economic and territorial concerns. Like the cartographers described by Jorge Luis Borges, modern-day risk modellers are still too often disconnected from the needs of their potential users.

7.9 The social production of risk

information

The role of social and economic constraints and opportunities facing households, businesses or governments has to become more central to the understanding of risk and to choices of disaster risk management strategies.

Experience has shown that a purely technical assessment of risk, however sophisticated and cutting-edge, is by itself unlikely to trigger actions that reduce risk. Successful risk assessments produce information that is targeted, authoritative, understandable, and usable.

For example, the Build Back Better campaign led by the government of Indonesia in the aftermath

Box 7.10 Turning risk data into applicable risk knowledge

In Peru, all hazard information from the national seismic hazard model is being integrated into the National Public Investment System (Sistema Nacional de Inversión Pública) database, which facilitates the sharing of findings with the scientific community, government authorities and the general public. The findings of a seismic probabilistic risk assessment carried out for 1,540 schools and 42 hospitals in Lima and Callao are being used by the Ministry of Education to complement the countrywide infrastructure census and to design the National School Infrastructure Plan ( GAR 13 paper

GFDRR, 2014a

GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2014a,Understanding Risk: The Evolution of Disaster Risk Assessment since 2005, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR..
Click here to view this GAR paper.

; AIFDR, 2013

AIFDR (Australia-Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction). 2013,Key Disaster Management Successes: January 2012 – February 2013, Jakarta.. .

).

The earthquake, tsunami, and volcanic hazard modelling activities of the Australia-Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction have increased government capacity to understand the country’s hazard risk profile, and these gains have in turn informed significant policy directives at the national level, such as the 2012 Indonesian Presidential Master Plan for Tsunami Disaster Risk Reduction ( GAR 13 paper

GFDRR, 2014a

).

As early as 1987, France adopted a law that grants every citizen the right to information on their exposure to major risks (Government of France, 2004

Government of France. 2004,Loi n°87-565 du 22 juillet 1987 relative à l’organisation de la sécurité civile, à la protection de la forêt contre l’incendie et à la prévention des risques majeurs. .

), on foreseeable damage, on possible preventive measures to reduce vulnerability, and on protection and relief support available from the government in the case of an emergency.

Since 1990, local authorities have been obliged to provide the information online (Government of France, 1990

Government of France. 1990,Environnement et prévention des risques technologiques et naturels majeurs, Décret No. 90-918 du 11 octobre 1990. Journal Officiel de la République Française.. .

). Since 2009, the international NGO ACTED has been working closely with the Government of Uganda to manage the Karamoja Drought Early Warning System (DEWS). By collecting and monitoring data on key indicators, this system allows drought prediction across Karamoja, a region prone to cyclical droughts. Monthly drought bulletins alert communities, districts and development partners of the risk of drought and suggest preparedness measures to be initiated (ACTED, 2012

ACTED (Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development). 2012,ACTED 2012 Annual Report, Paris.. .

).

In Colombia, the provision of risk information is now a legal obligation under which the authorities are accountable for keeping all citizens and residents fully informed about levels of disaster risk, disaster management, rehabilitation and construction efforts, as well as all related funding received, managed and delivered (Government of Colombia, 2012

Government of Colombia. 2012,Ley No, 1523 del 24 de Abril de 2012. Por el cual se adopta la política nacional de gestión del riesgo de desastres y se establece el sistema nacional de gestión del riesgo de desastres y se dictan otras disposiciones.. .

	148 Part II - Chapter 7 Given these challenges, there are relatively few contexts (Box 7.10) where decision-makers have successfully incorporated risk information into day-to-day planning, regulation and decisionmaking. Risk knowledge implies an appropriation of risk information by society in a way that facilitates risk management. From that perspective, the increased production of risk information during the HFA has not necessarily led to greater risk knowledge nor to improved risk management (Gall et al., 2014b x Gall, Melanie, Susan Cutter and Khai Nguyen. 2014b,Incentives for Disaster Risk Management, 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Section on the Future of Disaster Risk Management. Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute, University of South Carolina, May 2014.. . ). The growing supply of increasingly sophisticated and accurate risk information remains an exotic commodity which is still largely divorced from mainstream social, economic and territorial concerns. Like the cartographers described by Jorge Luis Borges, modern-day risk modellers are still too often disconnected from the needs of their potential users. 7.9 The social production of risk information The role of social and economic constraints and opportunities facing households, businesses or governments has to become more central to the understanding of risk and to choices of disaster risk management strategies. Experience has shown that a purely technical assessment of risk, however sophisticated and cutting-edge, is by itself unlikely to trigger actions that reduce risk. Successful risk assessments produce information that is targeted, authoritative, understandable, and usable. For example, the Build Back Better campaign led by the government of Indonesia in the aftermath Box 7.10 Turning risk data into applicable risk knowledge In Peru, all hazard information from the national seismic hazard model is being integrated into the National Public Investment System (Sistema Nacional de Inversión Pública) database, which facilitates the sharing of findings with the scientific community, government authorities and the general public. The findings of a seismic probabilistic risk assessment carried out for 1,540 schools and 42 hospitals in Lima and Callao are being used by the Ministry of Education to complement the countrywide infrastructure census and to design the National School Infrastructure Plan (GFDRR, 2014a x GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2014a,Understanding Risk: The Evolution of Disaster Risk Assessment since 2005, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. Click here to view this GAR paper. ; AIFDR, 2013 x AIFDR (Australia-Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction). 2013,Key Disaster Management Successes: January 2012 – February 2013, Jakarta.. . ). The earthquake, tsunami, and volcanic hazard modelling activities of the Australia-Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction have increased government capacity to understand the country’s hazard risk profile, and these gains have in turn informed significant policy directives at the national level, such as the 2012 Indonesian Presidential Master Plan for Tsunami Disaster Risk Reduction (GFDRR, 2014a x GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2014a,Understanding Risk: The Evolution of Disaster Risk Assessment since 2005, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. Click here to view this GAR paper. ). As early as 1987, France adopted a law that grants every citizen the right to information on their exposure to major risks (Government of France, 2004 x Government of France. 2004,Loi n°87-565 du 22 juillet 1987 relative à l’organisation de la sécurité civile, à la protection de la forêt contre l’incendie et à la prévention des risques majeurs. . ), on foreseeable damage, on possible preventive measures to reduce vulnerability, and on protection and relief support available from the government in the case of an emergency. Since 1990, local authorities have been obliged to provide the information online (Government of France, 1990 x Government of France. 1990,Environnement et prévention des risques technologiques et naturels majeurs, Décret No. 90-918 du 11 octobre 1990. Journal Officiel de la République Française.. . ). Since 2009, the international NGO ACTED has been working closely with the Government of Uganda to manage the Karamoja Drought Early Warning System (DEWS). By collecting and monitoring data on key indicators, this system allows drought prediction across Karamoja, a region prone to cyclical droughts. Monthly drought bulletins alert communities, districts and development partners of the risk of drought and suggest preparedness measures to be initiated (ACTED, 2012 x ACTED (Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development). 2012,ACTED 2012 Annual Report, Paris.. . ). In Colombia, the provision of risk information is now a legal obligation under which the authorities are accountable for keeping all citizens and residents fully informed about levels of disaster risk, disaster management, rehabilitation and construction efforts, as well as all related funding received, managed and delivered (Government of Colombia, 2012 x Government of Colombia. 2012,Ley No, 1523 del 24 de Abril de 2012. Por el cual se adopta la política nacional de gestión del riesgo de desastres y se establece el sistema nacional de gestión del riesgo de desastres y se dictan otras disposiciones.. . ).	Page 1 Page 10 Page 20 Page 30 Page 40 Page 50 Page 60 Page 70 Page 80 Page 90 Page 100 Page 110 Page 120 Page 130 Page 138 Page 139 Page 140 Page 141 Page 142 Page 143 Page 144 Page 145 Page 146 Page 147 Page 148 Page 149 ->Page 150 Page 151 Page 152 Page 153 Page 154 Page 155 Page 156 Page 157 Page 158 Page 159 Page 160 Page 161 Page 162 Page 170 Page 180 Page 190 Page 200 Page 210 Page 220 Page 230 Page 240 Page 250 Page 260 Page 270 Page 280 Page 290 Page 300 Page 310