What's in a mosquito bite? How warmer climates spread disease

• Global warming, land use change, allow diseases to spread
• Infected birds carry West Nile virus to Europe from Africa
• Floods, rice paddies, help mosquitoes to thrive

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A complex mix of global warming, changes in land use and more movement of people and goods are contributing to the spread of illnesses - such as dengue or Lyme disease - to new regions in a worsening trend, the U.N. panel of scientists says.

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The long-distance carriers of West Nile are birds that receive the virus from bites by infected mosquitoes and then fly on their migratory routes, to be bitten once more by mosquitoes that then spread illness to people and other animals, mainly horses.

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Vector-borne diseases - such as malaria, dengue, Zika, yellow fever and West Nile - are seen by WHO as an increased threat in Africa, potentially affecting over 800 million people, some 70% of the population.

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