Climate change in the Pacific 2022: Historical and recent variability, extremes and change

This report presents key scientific findings from the second phase of the Climate and Oceans Support Program in the Pacific (COSPPac, July 2018–June 2023), Seasonal Prediction and the Pacific Sea Level and Geodetic Monitoring (PSLGM) Projects. The report contributes to COSPPac’s aim for Pacific Island national meteorological services to understand and use climate, ocean and sea level data and information to develop and disseminate useful products and services to Pacific Island governments and communities, building resilience against the impact of climate change, climate variability and disasters.

The report also provides an update of scientific understanding of large-scale climate processes, variability and extremes in the western tropical Pacific first presented in the Pacific Climate Change Science Program (PCCSP) Climate Change in the Pacific: Scientific Assessment and New Research, Volume 2, Country Reports (2011) and the Pacific–Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning (PACCSAP) Program Climate Variability, Extremes and Change in the Western Tropical Pacific: New Science and Updated Country Reports (2014).