The fragility and resilience of nations
This paper notes that climate change will impose large and differentiated tolls across countries. It suggests that economic fragility and resilience against climate change-driven natural shocks are shaped by: (i) the elasticity of input substitution in resource-intensive sectors, (ii) the trade regime, and (iii) the property rights regime in nature-based assets.
Using a structural transformation model, the paper shows, inter alia, that openness increases resilience against natural shocks, regardless of the property right regime. Additionally, openness reduces fragility when a social planner internalizes the social cost of natural resource degradation. However, it increases fragility in a decentralized economy with incomplete property rights in nature-based assets.
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