Industrial Failure
TL0031

Soil Pollution

Soil pollution refers to the presence of a chemical or substance out of place and/or present in a soil at higher than normal concentration that has adverse effects on any non-targeted organism (Rodríguez-Eugenio et al., 2018).
Industrial Failure
TL0032

Fire

Fire related technological incidents can be defined as accidental or intentional events that result in the actual or potential exposure of responders and/or members of the public to a chemical hazard (adapted from WHO, no date)
Industrial Failure
TL0033

Mining Hazards

Mining hazards can be defined as having major environmental impacts including the production of waste, release of toxic and hazardous waste, air pollution and emissions, water pollution and depletion, and the loss of productive land and ecosystems (adapted from UNDP and UN Environment, 2018).
Industrial Failure
TL0034

Safety Hazards Associated with Oil and Gas

Oil and gas extraction, and associated servicing activities involve many types of equipment and materials. Identifying and controlling hazards is critical to preventing injuries and deaths (US Department of Labor, no date).

Alternative definition: For the purpose of the C155 - Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) (ILO, 1981):

a) the term branches of economic activity covers all branches in which workers are employed, including the public service.

b) the term workers covers all employed persons, including public employees.

Industrial Failure
TL0027

Natech

Natural hazard triggered technological accident (Showalter et al., 1994).
Industrial Failure
TL0028

Pollution

Pollution is defined as the presence of substances and/or heat in environmental media (air, water, land) whose nature, location, or quantity produces undesirable environmental effects (UN data, no date). Alternative definition: Pollution is defined as activity that generates pollutants (UN data, no date).
Industrial Failure
TL0029

Explosion

Explosion-related technological incidents can be defined as accidental or intentional events that result in the actual or potential exposure of responders and/or members of the public to a chemical hazard (adapted from WHO, no date).
Industrial Failure
TL0030

Leaks and Spills

A leak or a spill is an incident involving the uncontrolled release of a toxic substance, potentially resulting in harm to public health and the environment. Chemical incidents can occur as a result of natural events, or as a result of accidental or intentional events. These incidents can be sudden and acute or have a slow onset when there is a ‘silent’ release of a chemical. Chemical leaks and spills can range from small releases to full-scale major emergencies (adapted from WHO, 2020).

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