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Displaying 165 of about 340 resultsTuberculosis (TB) is a curable bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most commonly affects the lungs. It causes national epidemics of varied severity worldwide. Forms of TB that are resistant to treatment – multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) – are public health crises and threaten…
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that is caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family and transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, A. albopictus (WHO, 2020).
Varicella is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by varicellazoster virus (WHO, 2014).
Leprosy is a curable infectious disease, endemic in many countries, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae). It mainly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and eyes. Untreated, it can lead to permanent disability (WHO, 2019).
Shigellosis is an acute invasive enteric infection caused by bacteria belonging to genus Shigella (WHO, 2005).
Paratyphoid fever is a systemic disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella Paratyphi usually through ingestion of contaminated food or water (WHO, 2019).
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral sexually transmitted and blood-borne infection which targets the immune system, weakening people’s defences against opportunistic infections and some types of cancer. The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which can take from 2 to 15 years to develop if not…
Hepatitis C is a blood-borne liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus: the virus can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, ranging in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness including liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis C is endemic and epidemic worldwide (WHO, 2020).
Waterborne diseases are those diseases that are transmitted by ingestion of contaminated water (WHO, 2012).
Biological agents, according to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (1972), include germs, toxins and viruses that can sicken or kill people, livestock, or crops (UNODA, 1972).
Widespread and heavy infestations of crops and natural vegetation by locusts causing significant threats to food security, livelihoods and natural habitats in multiple regions (adapted from FAO, 2009).
A reservoir is an artificial lake where water is stored (National Geographic, 2020). Reservoir flooding occurs when excess rainfall causes the lake level to rise or flood water to spill downstream.
Waste [treatment] lagoons can be defined as impoundments made by excavation or earth fill for biological treatment of animal and other agricultural waste (Spellman and Bieber, 2012).
Hazardous waste is waste that has physical, chemical, or biological characteristics such that it requires special handling and disposal procedures to avoid negative health effects, adverse environmental effects or both (Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit, 2011).
Explosion-related technological incidents can be defined as accidental or intentional events that result in the actual or potential exposure of responders and/or members of the public to a chemical hazard (adapted from WHO, no date).