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On August 4, 2020, a massive explosion in the Port of Beirut (PoB) rocked the city, killing more than 200 people, wounding more than 6,000, and displacing around 300,000. The detonations all but destroyed the country’s largest port, one of the busiest in the Middle East and most of Lebanon’s grain reserves. The city’s dense residential and commercial ar…
On August 14, 2017, landslides and floods devastated a large cross-section of Freetown, Sierra Leone. An estimated 6,000 people were affected, of which 1,141 have been reported dead or missing. More than 3,000 people lost their homes. Almost every sector of the urban economy was impacted. The livelihood impacts of affected communities were widespread.…
From January to April 2015, Mozambique experienced prolonged heavy rain, which contributed to the rising of water levels in the Zambezi, Licungo and Shire River basins, exposing the population to flooding. Factors which contributed to the high level of flooding are: (i) heavy rainfall; (ii) flat terrain; (iii) high tide; and (iv) inappropriate drainage…
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 During the night of 13-14 June 2015, heavy rainfall over the Vere River basin led to flash floods that struck the Vake and Saburtalo neighbourhoods of Georgia’s capital, Tbilisi, as well as other areas of the city along the right bank of the river Mtkvari. The Lisi, Tsodoreti, Napetvrebi, Bevreti, Tskhaldidi, Betania and Tskhneti areas around Tbil…
A slow-moving tropical depression caused persistent heavy rains in the Solomon Islands between April 1 and April 4, 2014. The rains caused flash flooding in Honiara, Guadalcanal, Isabel, Malaita,and Makira-Ulawa. The flooding was the worst in living memory in some locations. It caused 22 fatalities across the country, internally displaced some 10,000 pe…
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Between December 2010 and February 2011, Lesotho experienced river floods, run-off from hill slopes, and rockslides due to severe and prolonged rainfall. Additionally, strong winds and localized hailstorms caused severe damages. The heavy rain significantly impacted the agricultural sector. The Lesotho Vulnerability Assessment Committee estimated that s…
The power sector is both highly vulnerable to natural hazards and a priority for any country’s recovery and reconstruction. After Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico in 2017, most of the power grid was down. One year and tens of billions of dollars later some customers were yet to be reconnected to the main grid. This type of long and widespread power outage…
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This Guide has been created to provide advice on useful strategies for implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (HFA). It represents a distillation of the wealth of experience that exists throughout the world on how to manage and reduce disaster risks. The Guide can help state…
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This book was produced to mark the end of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), a United Nations initiative to reduce the negative effects of natural disasters. This volume communicates solutions to the problems associated with natural disasters, stimulating discussion and improvements in methods of protecting people and prop…
On 25-26 May, the southwest monsoon brought heavy rains and strong winds to Sri Lanka, provoking flash floods and landslides in 15 of the 25 districts. The high vulnerability of rural and urban areas led to 219 deaths, approximately 230 thousand families were affected, and 88 thousand houses were partially or fully damaged. The PDNA report covers the…
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On Saturday February 20, 2016, Tropical Cyclone (TC) Winston, an extremely destructive Category 5 cyclone, struck Fiji. TC Winston was the first Category 5 cyclone to directly impact Fiji and the most intense cyclone on record to affect the country. Fiji’s Eastern Division was the first to be struck, with Koro, Ovalau and Taveuni Islands sustaining seve…
This report is part of the World Bank’s response to the Government’s request for support in assessing damages as well as longer-term implications for disaster risk management. Tropical Cyclone (TC) Seroja impacted Timor-Leste with heavy torrential rains over a 24-hour period on April 4, 2021, with an average intensity of over 14 millimeters per hour and…
A comprehensive study of Red Cross Red Crescent Societies tsunami operation, June 2012: This study documents IFRC’s response and recovery operation in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Over 4.8 million people benefited from a wide range of Red Cross Red Crescent support that included reconstruction of physical infrastructure such as homes…
This report, published two weeks after the Great East Japan (Tohoku-Kanto) earthquake and tsunami, provides a synthesis of certain existing data and a basic situation analysis of the situation. It considers the major challenge posed to the disaster risk reduction community by: (i) the earthquake; (ii) the tsunami; (ii) the ongoing nuclear emergency; and…
This report presents recommendations on key actions the Federal Government can take to better support state, local, tribal, and territorial leaders working to prepare their communities for the impacts of climate change. These recommendations focus on opportunities to remove barriers to resilient investments, modernize Federal grant and loan programs to…

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