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On December 29, 2020, Sisak-Moslavina County in Croatia was struck by a 6.2 magnitude earthquake with the epicenter 6 km outside the town of Petrinja. The earthquake was preceded by a 5.0 magnitude earthquake on December 28, 2020; and numerous aftershocks were recorded, including a 5.0 magnitude earthquake on January 6, 2021. The December earthquak…
Climate variability and change impacts are manifesting through declining rainfall totals and increasing frequency and intensity of droughts, floods and heatwaves. These environmental changes are affecting mostly rural populations in developing countries due to low adaptive capacity and high reliance on natural systems for their livelihoods. While bro…
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The report aims to start unpacking relationships between water and migration. The data used in this report are collected from available public sources and reviewed in the context of water and climate. A three-dimensional (3D) framework is outlined for water-related migration assessment. The included case studies reflect on well-known examples of en…
The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) embarked on a new research programme in December 2018 to investigate internal displacement associated with slow-onset environmental change. This report explores the displacement triggered by water scarcity in the south of Iraq. Findings are based on quantitative and qualitative data collected between J…
Since 2019, severe drought and saltwater intrusion conditions have been detected and have begun to significantly affect the livelihoods, food security and water supply of people across 13 provinces in the Mekong Delta region. Seasonal weather forecasts and satellite observations indicate that the level of severity will continue to increase, peaking in…
This paper is a strategic reflection on how the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) should increase its efforts to contribute to climate resilience in its working areas and to make its interventions fit for coping with climate change risks. One of the results of the reflection was the articulation of the need of a climate change foresight…
Because property damage and loss of life owing to floods have increased in many countries in recent years, accurate assessment of flood risk is urgently needed for effective flood management. Improving the assessment of flood risk requires considering the impact of dam operation for flood control because dams and reservoirs play important roles in the a…
With increased intensity rainfall events globally and urban expansion decreasing permeable surfaces, there is an increasing problem of urban flooding. This study aims to better understand rainfall infiltration into a Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) permeable pavement, compared with an adjacent Green Area of made ground, in relationship to groundwater…
Due to the distinct climatic variability across the Asian continent and its geophysical setting, the majority of countries on the Asian continent are subject to natural disasters. The frequency of these extreme events, especially the hydro-meteorological events, has shown an increasing trend. The present study explores the consequences of these extreme…
Iraq faces a multifaceted water crisis that impacts water supply and quality throughout the country. This crisis is expected to persist and may have implications at the humanitarian, economic, security and social levels (including population movements). The report focuses on understanding variations in water quantity and water quality in central and sou…
The researchers find that the use of the Tandem framework co-design processes contributed to improving the relevance and understanding of climate-related information and plans in the Campoalegre River Basin of Colombia, where this case study took place. The experiences there underscored that an important aspect of the process is the emphasis placed on…
Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) was a two-year project (2018–2019) supported by the National Water Affairs Regulation Authority (NWARA) – formerly the Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW) – Government of Afghanistan, and the Government of Australia. The project was implemented by ICIMOD and the Commonwealth Scientific and…
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Floods encountered around the world are diverse and evolving both in their nature and impact on society. Recent floods resulted in widespread economic damages and countless social and environmental impacts, including evacuation and displacement of people, loss and damage of homes and businesses, and adverse impacts to ecosystems. The causes and driver…
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This helpdesk report highlights some of the best practice examples of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for water security and examines the implementation challenges and lessons learned. Best practice examples of nature-based solutions include: water for agriculture; source water protection and water funds and urban green infrastructure. The report argues th…
This study presents the outcomes of a foresight study aimed at identifying the emerging challenges for water management in the Danube region, considering a set of possible future socioeconomic and political scenarios. For each scenario, were analysed the possible implications for key water management issues (wastewater treatment, diffuse pollution and h…

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