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In September 2017, Puerto Rico was impacted by Hurricanes Irma and Maria within the span of two weeks. Irma passed Puerto Rico on September 6, 2017 as one of the largest hurricanes to ever form in the Atlantic. Maria followed and made landfall in Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017 as a Category 4 Hurricane, the largest and most damaging storm to strike t…
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Two years ago, Hurricane Maria became the third major hurricane to strike the U.S. in less than a month. This powerful storm brought further destruction to the U.S. Virgin Islands before making a crushing impact on Puerto Rico. Survivors saw homes, businesses and crops wiped out, and many were left without power or access to vital services—including saf…
When Hurricane Maria made landfall on September 20, 2017, it caused widespread devastation across Puerto Rico, killing as many as 1,052 people, destroying hundreds of thousands of homes, causing an island-wide blackout, and blocking over half of the 3.4 million residents from access to potable water. At the six month mark, the situation remains critica…
Puerto Rico has a wealth of cultural, historical, and artistic resources that are integral to its cultural identity and sense of place, to tourism, to the arts industry, and to the economy. In September 2017, many of those resources were devastated in Hurricanes Irma and Maria. In this report, the authors present an overview of Puerto Rico's cultural re…
The aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and Maria highlighted vulnerabilities in Puerto Rico's water sector. Hurricane damage spanned Puerto Rico's water infrastructure, including drinking water, wastewater, stormwater and flood control, as well as its water resources. This damage was attributed to multiple causes: the preexisting vulnerability of the water se…
As Puerto Rico recovers from Hurricanes Irma and Maria, effective supply-chain management and recovery governance will be vitally important to a successful outcome. The Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center (HSOAC) team conducted field research in Puerto Rico to gain local perspectives regarding the biggest challenges the island is facing, and t…
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Following hurricanes Irma and Maria, the Resilient Puerto Rico Advisory Commission (the Commission) was created in November 2017 to serve as a unifying force among a diverse group of Puerto Rican voices. The Commission’s goal is to promote a stronger, more resilient Puerto Rico as it embarks on reimagining development and reconstruction with more p…
This economic and disaster recovery plan lays out the Government of Puerto Rico’s strategic vision and goals and provides a detailed framework for achieving them. It has been almost a year since Hurricanes Irma and Maria devastated Puerto Rico, but the Island’s recovery is far from over. The Government of Puerto Rico proposes a transformational plan th…
This report explains in detail the rationale for launching the multi-year effort to study how critical buildings performed during the 2017 Hurricane Maria, as well as how emergency communications systems worked beside the summary of progress to date. On September 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria had a devastating impact on much of Puerto Rico, damaging buildin…
This report is based on analysis performed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) Lincoln Laboratory from March 2018 to July 2018 in support of Puerto Rico’s recovery plan, Transformation and Innovation in the Wake of Devastation: An Economic and Disaster Recovery Plan for Puerto Rico. In support of the Energy sector analysis done at HSOAC…
The government of Puerto Rico developed a plan to recover from the destruction caused by Hurricanes Irma and Maria, build resilience to withstand future disasters, and restore the struggling economy. The Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center (HSOAC), operated by RAND Corporation under contract with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, worke…
On August  8, 2018, the government of Puerto Rico submitted its economic and disaster-recovery plan to Congress, as required by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (Pub. L. 115-123). Under contract with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center (HSOAC) provided substantial support in developi…
Cette étude porte sur les changements côtiers et les inondations suite au passage d’un ouragan de catégorie 5 (Irma) les 5 et 6 septembre 2017 sur les îles de Saint-Martin et Saint-Barthélemy aux Antilles. Selon l'étude, les systèmes côtiers ont répondu très différemment en fonction du degré d’artificialisation de la côte, révélant des changem…
This briefing paper highlights how lessons from history and past recovery can inform decisions around 'building back better' after hurricanes Irma and Maria.  These two Category 5 hurricanes caused total losses estimated at US$130 billion. This briefing paper has been prepared to help policy-makers and practitioners strengthen recovery in the…
This document represents an aggregation of the best available disaster damages caused by the 2017 Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico and is an initial assessment of the cost to rebuild a stronger, more resilient Puerto Rico. Maria represented a “worst case scenario” for Puerto Rico, tracking east-to-west across the island and leaving no one and no thing un…

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