Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015
Making development sustainable: The future of disaster risk management |
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Chapter 13
Notes
1 http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/data/spi.
2 For more information on the limitations of CBA and BCRs as well as an analysis of recent studies, see Shreve and Kelman, 2014 Shreve, C.M. and I. Kelman. 2014,Does mitigation save? Reviewing cost-benefit analyses of disaster risk reduction, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Vol. 10, Part A (December): 213-235.. . 3 There is little information available on how to reasonably estimate the costs of disaster risk reduction activities that span structural and non-structural approaches and include direct and indirect costs as well as those arising from integrating risk considerations in development practice (Vorhies, 2012 Vorhies, Francis. 2012,The economics of investing in disaster risk reduction, Working paper based on a review of the current literature commissioned by the Secretariat to the UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). Geneva.. . IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2014,Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, Working Group II. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.. . World Bank. 2011,Dar es Salaam Case Study Overview, Climate Change, Disaster Risk and the Urban Poor: Cities Building Resilience for a Changing World. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.. . 4 If the discount rate were changed to 10 per cent, total savings by 2030 would still be US$2.4 trillion. While it is common to use a discount rate of 3-5 per cent when assessing the BCRs of social development investments (see http://cbkb.org/toolkit/discounting/), the majority of CBAs for disaster risk reduction projects use a single discount rate of 10-12 per cent or a range of rates between 0 and 10 or 0 and 20 per cent (Shreve and Kelman, 2014 Shreve, C.M. and I. Kelman. 2014,Does mitigation save? Reviewing cost-benefit analyses of disaster risk reduction, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Vol. 10, Part A (December): 213-235.. . 5 http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/data/spi. 6 http://www.emergencymgmt.com/disaster/Chief-ResilienceOfficers.html (accessed 11 January 2015). 7 http://www.un.org/climatechange/summit/wp-content/ uploads/sites/2/2014/09/RESILIENCE-1-in-100-initiative.pdf (accessed 11 January 2015). 8 Chris Lavell, commentary during UNISDR-UNDP-FLACSO meeting in San José, GAR15 meeting series on the Future of Disaster Risk Management, March 2014. 9 www.avaaz.org. 10 http://bangladeshaccord.org. 11 For example, see the results of recent surveys such as the Edelman Trust Barometer 2014, which states that “Overall, trust in leadership has plateaued. […] CEOs and government leaders remain at the bottom of the list for both Informed and General Publics, with extremely low trust levels on key metrics” (http:// www.edelman.com/insights/intellectual-property/2014edelman-trust-barometer). 12 http://www.un.org/climatechange/summit. in development practice that will include not just quantitative values, but qualitative indicators of fundamental changes in ethics, morality, equity, efficiency, participation and accountability. From that perspective, disaster risk reduction has the potential to become a truly transformational force.
The reduction of poverty, the improvement of health and education for all, the achievement of sustainable and equitable economic growth and the protection of the health of the planet now depend on the management of disaster risks in the day-to-day development decisions of governments, companies, investors, civil society organizations, households and individuals. Strengthened disaster risk reduction, therefore, is essential to make development sustainable.
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