Türkiye

Report on a WHO workshop, Skopje, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 13–15 July 2004

Disasters have enormous consequences, socially and economically, and have long-term detrimental effects, especially on vulnerable societies and population groups

This Working Paper presents a cross-directorate report on the economic, budgetary, regulatory and urban policy implications of the earthquakes which struck the Marmara and Bolu areas of Turkey on 17 August and 12 November 1999. The earthquakes caused high casualties and significant material damage to property, with severe effects on economic activity. The Report traces the factors underlying Turkey’s vulnerability to earthquake damage, along a known active fault line, to deficiencies in risk identification procedures and risk-reduction methods, as well as to the absence of risk transfer and financing techniques. It suggests that these deficiencies may stem from the nature of recent Turkish economic development, which has been driven by the need to assimilate a mass migration from the countryside to the cities and has been associated with extremely high and variable inflation.

Teaming up with representatives from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the reconnaissance teams created this report to document a series of implications for earthquake risk reduction in the United States.

This report documents the event of the Kocaeli Earthquake in Turkey in 1999. In addition to providing background information on the event, this report includes the following sections: the earthquake and its geologic effects, building and infrastructure damage, industrial facilities, and insured and economic losses. The report also includes a section on consequences and future implications.

A briefing on the implications of the Izmit Earthquake,Turkey, 1999.

This report provides tables with data and statistics documenting damage to infrastructure, an overview of response activities, and inventory of recovery and reconstruction efforts of Marmara Earthquake in 1999.

National disaster law and policies, regional, bilateral and international agreements, declarations and regulations regarding the disaster response law in Turkey within the framework of the 1999-Marmara Earthquake are discussed in this study.

This brief report presents economic Impacts of the Kobe and Marmara Earthquakes.