Documents and publications

This study shows that antecedent drought development is linked to distinct, region-dependent pathways from drought to extreme precipitation, providing a basis for anticipating compound hydrological extremes. Rapid transitions from drought to extreme

This study explores how forests resist and recover from compound heat and moisture extremes and how tree diversity mediates these responses, using U.S. forest inventory data along with satellite-based stability estimates.

This study reflects on the probability of observing an extreme event of interest within a finite dataset, whether derived from observations or model simulations, to inform risk assessment or climate adaptation efforts.

This report draws on four case studies and insights from the Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation (M4H) programme’s own in-country experience to identity practical lessons for mobile-enabled EWS implementation in low- and middle-income (LMIC) contexts.

This toolkit provides a practical, step-by-step framework to support cities, urban local governments, planners, practitioners, and community stakeholders in developing and implementing Heat Action Plans (HAPs) to address the growing risks of extreme heat.

The September 2026 GEOGLAM Crop Monitor for Early Warning report provides an overview of global crop conditions with a focus on regions vulnerable to food insecurity.

This guidance note outlines practical approaches to strengthening information integrity within risk communication–before, during, and after disasters. Preparing for and managing information risks is an integral part of disaster risk reduction efforts.

This study examined the sensitivity of flood-frequency estimates to the length of hydrometric records using the annual maximum series (AMS) and partial value series (PVS) approaches at 15 hydrometric stations in the Karkheh Basin, Iran.

This research examines how geographic spread approaches can be adapted to account for the specific travel patterns and epidemiological context of the DRC–Uganda border. A geographic spread approach is used to estimate the burden of infectious disease.

This study investigates how extreme flood events can indirectly impact the global supply chain through production disruptions. Using a data-driven, agent-based network model, the research simulates the transmission and amplification of shocks.

This study applied an integrated flood risk assessment framework to evaluate climate-driven compound flood risk in Broadland, with particular emphasis on how methodological choices influence exposure, damage and spatial risk estimates.

This study compares community experiences of slow- and rapid-onset flooding during Australia’s 2022–2023 floods. While both caused long recoveries, slow-onset floods created prolonged uncertainty, unique preparedness challenges, and delayed recovery needs

This review examines school disaster resilience assessment tools published between 2015 and 2024. Existing tools address structural, non-structural and functional resilience, but often overlook psychosocial resilience and local context adaptation.

This study uses observations and machine learning to estimate bankfull river discharge globally. Results show that bankfull return periods vary significantly across climate zones, challenging the common 2-year assumption used in global flood models.

This report identifies key challenges in preparing for future changes to the critical risk landscape, drawing on reports, ‘Survey on Governance of Critical Risks’ and ‘Survey on Governance of Critical Infrastructure Resilience’ carried out in 2022-25.

This paper presents LiveCyc, a machine learning system that converts tropical cyclone forecasts into probabilistic 1-km wind forecasts. Evaluation across 16 U.S. hurricane landfalls shows well-calibrated results and supports optimized warning triggers.

A survey of 140 Indonesian operational meteorologists finds that terminology ambiguity and reliance on weather station data hinder heat warning dissemination. Past successful warnings and a liberal warning philosophy strongly influence warning decisions.

Two behavioural experiments in China show that government-issued disaster warnings generate higher trust than AI warnings. Consistent government-AI messages increase trust and protective intentions, while conflicting warnings increase anticipated regret.

Study finds that rapid root-zone soil moisture depletion during flash droughts is more strongly linked to accelerated wildfire spread than conventional drought conditions across the United States.

This study investigates the complex interplay between local knowledge, awareness, perception, and preparedness among residents of Bogura City, Bangladesh, in the context of earthquake risk.

This study uses Earth Observation data and Google Earth Engine to assess agricultural drought risk across Odisha, India. Results identify western districts as highest risk and support targeted drought mitigation, planning and climate resilience actions.

This paper identifies transboundary GLODF threats across the Himalayas and projects their future evolution under climate change, highlighting growing risks, hotspots along the China–Nepal border, and the need for stronger monitoring and early warning.

The sixth WMO Air Quality and Climate Bulletin examines links between air quality and climate change, highlighting aerosol impacts, wildfire smoke, ozone pollution and atmospheric monitoring needs.

A globally scalable framework combines dense-array seismic observations, rupture imaging and shaking models to estimate earthquake impacts within minutes of origin time.

This toolkit examines how mis- and disinformation during extreme weather can undermine disaster response, offering practical guidance to build information resilience before, during and after crises.

A national Coastal Exposure Index maps relative climate hazard exposure around Ireland, highlighting exposure hotspots, coastal habitats’ protective role and populations and cultural heritage sites near highly exposed coastlines.

This study underscores the significant barriers immigrant women face, including language limitations, limited access to resources, and strong reliance on faith-based coping strategies.

This study applies regional scoping framework, a risk-to-action chain that follows risk as it moves through a system from information, to decisions, to finance, to action, to impact.

Using a qualitative key informant interviewing design, this study examined how flood risk management (FRM) is implemented in Rize through the perspectives of 51 senior civil ser-vants, appointees, technical experts, and managers involved in FRM

This study sets out to examine how vernacular water-based settlements develop constructive and spatial responses to flood-related hazards, and what recurring combinations of responses can be identified across distinct hydro-climatic contexts.

The aim of this research is to assess whether, and to what extent, climate change influenced the Caribbean drought, particularly in Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and the Lesser Antilles, where drought conditions were most severe.

This paper analyses 150 years of census and hazard data to assess how extreme weather affected population trends in Northern Australia. It finds floods and cyclones can disrupt population growth highlighting need for resilience and adaptation planning.

This study tests a survey tool for identifying information voids during climate emergencies, showing how gaps in information quantity, quality, source and channel can affect disaster communication.

This scoping review maps peer-reviewed evidence on drought adaptation in the SADC region, which exhibits an observed downward trend in precipitation, making it a valuable case to study diverse approaches to managing changing risk.

Study finds extreme high ocean temperatures and low productivity, when combined, significantly increase the risk of fisheries declines worldwide. Risks are projected to intensify by mid-century, highlighting the need for adaptive fisheries management.

The report assesses current context of sea level rise, key challenges and ongoing efforts by Member States and the UN system to address such challenges. The report builds on the Sep 2024 high-level plenary meeting to address sea level rise threats.

An evaluation of more than two decades of World Bank Group support for epidemic preparedness, highlighting achievements, gaps, and opportunities to strengthen global health security.

Study uses the 2020 Gjerdrum landslide as a natural experiment to examine how climate risk salience affects housing markets. Exposed properties experienced temporary price declines of 1–1.5 per cent, while new residential development in risk zones fell.

This toolkit examines how extreme weather events fuel mis- and disinformation and provides frameworks for assessing readiness, triaging threats, building partnerships and strengthening information resilience before, during and after disasters.

This study assesses preparedness, response and recovery following Cyclone Ana in Zimbabwe. It finds gaps in preparedness, warning communication and coordination, and calls for community-centred DRM, stronger capacity, financing and contingency planning.

WMO update on the strengthening El Niño event and its implications for global temperature and rainfall patterns through early 2027.

This study examines women’s flood preparedness strategies based on an integrated theoretical approach. It focuses on the North Tongu District, where a recent devastating flood incident led to wide-ranging consequences.

This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the prevalence and risk of child malnutrition following extreme weather events in low- and lower-middle-income countries.

The report examines pathways to limit and reverse1.5°C overshoot. While limiting warming to 1.5°C remains central to the Paris Agreement, current policies and near-term trajectories say exceeding this threshold is now widely considered unavoidable.

This case study examines the current state of the Philippines’ heat early warning system, including how heat risk is understood and monitored, and how warnings are issued, communicated and acted upon across institutions.

This case study examines the current state of Jordan’s heat early warning system, including how heat risk is understood and monitored, and how warnings are issued, communicated and acted upon across institutions.

This case study examines the current state of Mexico’s heat early warning system, including how heat risk is understood and monitored, and how warnings are issued, communicated and acted upon across institutions.

This study quantifies flood-related financial risk across Nikkei 225 companies and 18,000+ facilities. Using climate, hydrological and corporate data, it estimates annual losses exceeding US$8.2 billion by 2030 and identifies sectors with exposure.

This study uses UNSEEN simulations to assess the risk of tropical-origin cyclones affecting Europe. Results show the UK and Ireland face the greatest risk, and events similar to Hurricane Lili (1996) may occur every few decades.

This study assesses debris-flow hazards and risks along the China-Nepal transportation corridor. It identifies high-risk road sections and hazard hotspots, providing evidence to support recovery, early warning systems and transboundary DRR.