Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015
Making development sustainable: The future of disaster risk management


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The Level 1 tsunami management strategy targets the more extensive layer of risk (higher probability and lower expected loss), while the Level 2 strategy is designed for layers of intensive risk (lower probability and higher expected loss). Level 1 focuses on structural measures such as levees and protective forests, while Level 2 combines structural measures with other risk management strategies, with evacuation planning at the core (Table 10.1).
Figure 10.7 Sendai City’s tsunami preparedness and response strategy
(Source: Sendai City, 2014

Sendai City. 2014,Sendai Reconstruction (Fukkou), Report, Vol. 21.. .
[adapted by UNISDR].)
Table 10.1 Level 1 and Level 2 tsunami management strategies
(Source: Government of Japan, 2011

Government of Japan. 2011,Report of the Committee for Technical Investigation on Counter-measures for Earthquakes and Tsunamis Based on the Lessons Learned from the “2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake”, 28 September 2011. Central Disaster Management Council.. .
[adapted by UNISDR].)
The failure of the risk reduction strategies in place in Tōhoku prompted the formation of a technical committee within the Central Disaster Management Council. A report issued by this committee in September 2011 ushered in a risk-layering approach to tsunami risk management (Government of Japan, 2011

Government of Japan. 2011,Report of the Committee for Technical Investigation on Counter-measures for Earthquakes and Tsunamis Based on the Lessons Learned from the “2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake”, 28 September 2011. Central Disaster Management Council.. .
) which was swiftly translated into law, the Tsunami DRR Regional Development Act of December 2011.
10 This act is already being enforced in several regions, including Sendai City (see Figure 10.7).
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